Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: PRBO Conservation Science Publication_Date: 2005 Title: PRBO - All Point Counts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Petaluma, CA Publisher: PRBO Conservation Science Online_Linkage: http://www.prbo.org/cadc/songbird/ Description: Abstract: In many countries, point counts are the main method in monitoring the population changes of breeding landbirds. With the point count method it is possible to study the yearly changes of bird populations at fixed points, differences in species composition between habitats, and abundance patterns of species. The point count method is probably the most efficient and data-rich method of counting birds. It is the preferred method in forested habitats or difficult terrain. Point counts involve an observer standing in one spot and recording all the birds seen or heard at either a fixed distance, or unlimited distance. This method can be conducted one or many times at a given point. The North American Breeding Bird Survey of the U.S.D.I. Fish and Wildlife Service is such a method.* These data come from PRBO point count locations throughout the western United States for surveys conducted by trained observers between 1991 and the present. As of 2005, there were over 10,000 point count locations (sites) in 43 projects in a variety of habitats. As new surveys are added on a yearly basis, this database is constantly being updated. All counts were 5 minutes duration and data were collected which denote, at least, whether individuals were within 50 m of the observer. All species were recorded. For more information on field protocols please see http://www.prbo.org/cadc/songbird/pc.php. *Excerpted from Ralph, C J; Geupel, G R; Pyle, P; Martin, T E; DeSante, D F. 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-144. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 41 p. (http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-144/06-censusing.html) Purpose: Point count surveys measure bird abundance and diversity and can be used to measure habitat sustainability, population trends, and habitat associations in bird populations. Aside from providing the bird species and numbers detected at each point count location, this dataset is also a record of the location of point count locations so that surveys can be repeated in subsequent years. Supplemental_Information: For more information on point counts (eg, background information, methodologies, data forms, and field protocols) see http://www.prbo.org/cadc/songbird/pc.php. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1991 Ending_Date: current Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Continually Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: PRBO point count locations throughout the western United States. Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.069489 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -109.342559 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.990540 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.849533 Bounding_Altitudes: Altitude_Minimum: 0 Altitude_Maximum: 3000 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CSA-NBII Biocomplexity Thesaurus (http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/SearchNBIIThesaurus/) Theme_Keyword: BIRDS Theme_Keyword: SONGBIRDS Theme_Keyword: POPULATION DYNAMICS Theme_Keyword: BIODIVERSITY Theme_Keyword: BIOMONITORING Theme_Keyword: BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Theme_Keyword: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Theme_Keyword: COUNTING METHODS Theme_Keyword: ABUNDANCE (ORGANISMS) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CIESIN Indexing Vocabulary (http://www.ciesin.org/metadata/documentation/vocab/introv.html) Place_Keyword: NORTH AMERICA Place_Keyword: UNITED STATES Place_Keyword: WESTERN UNITED STATES Place_Keyword: OREGON Place_Keyword: NEVADA Place_Keyword: ARIZONA Place_Keyword: WASHINGTON Place_Keyword: IDAHO Place_Keyword: CALIFORNIA Place_Keyword: WYOMING Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species Taxonomic_Keywords: birds Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: American Ornithologists' Union Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Check-list of North American Birds Edition: Seventh Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Online_Linkage: http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3 Classification_System_Modifications: The check-list is revised and updated on an annual basis by the American Ornithologists' Union. Revisions are published in The Auk. Taxonomic_Procedures: Observers have pre-existing knowledge of bird identification or they use published field guides. General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Birds. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Applicable_Common_Name: animals Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata Applicable_Common_Name: chordates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves Applicable_Common_Name: birds Access_Constraints: Point count locations (lat and long) are PRBO property. Use_Constraints: User must receive written permission from PRBO before using or sharing this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: PRBO Conservation Science Contact_Person: Chris Rintoul Contact_Position: Informatics Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 3820 Cypress Drive, #11 City: Petaluma State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94954 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 707-781-2555 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: crintoul@prbo.org Data_Set_Credit: PRBO Conservation Science. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350 Shapefile. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: All points collected before the year 2000 are accurate to within 30 meters, while points collected since 2000 are accurate to within 5 meters of the actual point count location. Most points were collected using a Garmin II or later version GPS unit. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Elevation is accurate to within 30 m or 90 m. Elevation information was derived using GIS and any available 30 m or 90 m DEM layers for each location. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Unknown Publication_Date: Unknown Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1991 Ending_Date: current Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\DOCUME~1\vtoniolo\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml59FE.tmp Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Dataset moved. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: V:\gis_projects\all_sites\all_pc\allpc_albers Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: V:\gis_projects\all_sites\Old\allpc_albers.shp.xml Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: C:\DOCUME~1\vtoniolo\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml1B58.tmp Process_Date: 20050620 Process_Time: 184116 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: V:\project\prbo\all_sites\all_pc\metadata\allpc_metadata_oct05.xml Process_Date: 20060601 Process_Time: 155647 Process_Step: Process_Description: Dataset moved. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: V:\PROJECT\prbo\all_sites\all_pc\allpc_geo Process_Date: 20070320 Process_Time: 160105 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: V:\PROJECT\prbo\all_sites\all_pc\shp\allpc_geo.shp.xml Process_Date: 20070427 Process_Time: 111153 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 11666 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0 Longitude_Resolution: 0 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: allpc_BASE Entity_Type_Definition: Feature Class Entity_Type_Definition_Source: 11666 Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNIQUEID Attribute_Definition: Unique ID for each survey point (project code + id_code). Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PRBOSITE Attribute_Definition: PRBO site (Y) or partner organization (N). Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PROJECT Attribute_Definition: PRBO project name. Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: STATIONNAM Attribute_Definition: Station/transect full name. Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID_CODE Attribute_Definition: STATIONID + SITEID. Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: X Attribute_Definition: Longitude (decimal degrees) Attribute_Definition_Source: none Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y Attribute_Definition: Latitude (decimal degrees) Attribute_Definition_Source: none Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 50 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PROJECTID Attribute_Definition: PRBO unique project code Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 254 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: STATIONID Attribute_Definition: Station / transect code (4-6 letter) Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Float, 19 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SITEID Attribute_Definition: Point number within transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Float, 19 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ORIGIN Attribute_Definition: Origin of the coordinates of the data record (e.g. GPS unit, hand-digitized, etc.) Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 50 characters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: NON_PUBLIC Attribute_Definition: Designates if the data record can be shared with the public. Attribute_Definition_Source: PRBO Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: String, 4 characters. Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: PRBO Point Count Data Structure Ballard and Geupel, 1994 Last revision: 9/2002 Each individual bird encountered during a point count has its own record (corresponding to rows in the table) in the file. Each record is comprised of nine fields (corresponding to columns in the table). The nine fields are: 1. SPEC: The four letter AOU abbreviation for species name. SOSP = Song Sparrow. Enter "9999" for no detections. 2. DATA: A five character code for type, distance, and timing of detection. The first character corresponds to the behavior of the bird that caused it to be detected, "S" for singing, "C" for calling, "V" for visual. The second through fourth characters correspond to distance of detection from point count location. In general, "L50" for within 50 meters, "G50" for greater than 50 meters, "FLO" for flying over. Use "B00" for > 100m. The final character represents the timing of the detection, and could be used to identify the duration of each count. "3" for three minutes, "5" for five minutes, etc. Example: "CL505" would correspond to an individual detected calling within 50 meters during a five-minute point count. Enter "99999" for no detections. For variable circular plot (VCP) data, "L" still signifies < 50, G >50. However, the upper end of the distance band is used rather than "50". For detections > 100 m, use "B". See examples at end. 3. State: Two letter abbreviation for the State in which the census occurred. 4. Region: Generally the county in which the census occurred, though could be used for more descriptive location information, if applicable. Nine characters. 5. Station: Six character study area identifier. 6. Date: Date of count. 7. Initials: Three characters for initials of observer. 8. Site: Two digits for individual point count site number. 9. Time: Four numbers for beginning time (in 24 hour format with no colon)of census for each site. Each record contains all of this information. Though it may seem redundant, it is important for keeping track of data and for ease of analysis using each individual as a separate statistical observation. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See "Entity and Attribute Overview" for a list of fields contained in the raw bird data. Data will be shared with non-PRBO entities at the discretion of the party responsible for its collection and maintenance (PRBO project leader and/or data manager) and in accordance with PRBO's data-sharing policy. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: PRBO Conservation Science Contact_Person: Grant Ballard Contact_Position: Terrestrial Ecology Division data manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 4990 Shoreline Hwy City: Stinson Beach State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94970 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (415) 868-0655 x 302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gballard@prbo.org Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: PRBO Conservation Science does not assume any responsibility regarding the accuracy, utility or completeness of the data for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. We strongly recommend that the data be acquired directly from PRBO Conservation Science and not from an independent third party, which may have modified the data after obtaining it. PRBO shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. ~~~ PRBO Data Sharing Policy November 2003 It is PRBO policy that data should be shared whenever possible while considering the tradeoffs between widespread distribution of data sets, the need to assure data quality and validity, and the privacy rights of land owners, as applicable. The general rule is that data should be released as soon as possible, along with documentation that can be used to judge data quality and potential usefulness. PRBO believes that the intellectual investment and time committed to the collection of a data set entitles the investigator to the fundamental benefits of the work. Therefore, publication of descriptive or interpretive results derived immediately and directly from the data is the privilege and responsibility of the investigators who collect the data. This is one of the primary motivations for scientific data collection, and the scientific method is supported by this principle. PRBO encourages its scientists to anticipate that most data collected will eventually become part of the public domain, and recommends that procedures be employed to facilitate this sharing, such as concurrent metadata generation, data verification, data entry, and data backup. Data for which there are no associated metadata, or which have not been verified, should not be shared. Data that have not been used for peer-reviewed publication should be shared with caution. Data used in publications should be ready for public distribution at the same time as the actual publication. Data relevant to public policy should be shared as quickly and widely as possible. All PRBO data that have been shared should be maintained in a fashion that facilitates its continued public accessibility. This includes the need for data versioning, informing users when there have been important changes to public datasets. Data collected on private lands may be subject to more extensive sharing restrictions, depending on agreements between PRBO and landowners. PRBO maintains numerous datasets, including several with hundreds of thousands of records covering 20 or more years and involving multiple investigators. PRBO recognizes that these datasets can be used for many purposes, either on their own or through combination with other data. Any researcher making substantial use of a dataset should communicate with the investigators who acquired the data, or those to whom responsibility for the data has been entrusted, prior to publication. In most cases these researchers should anticipate that the data collectors or current managers would be co-authors of published results. PRBO will encourage and facilitate the ethical and courteous use of data within its archives. PRBO will maintain a list of all data access and will notify those who access the data that they may be the intellectual property of the collecting scientists. PRBO requests that it be acknowledged in any publication, report, or presentation using data that have been collected by PRBO scientists. The requesting party(s) and the appropriate PRBO Division Director should sign a data sharing agreement, and a copy should be filed with the Division Director. Data may be posted on the web with approval in advance from the collecting scientists and the Division Director. Such public posting of data must be permissible under relevant contracts. Any costs that PRBO incurs in the process of providing or maintaining public access to its datasets should be reimbursed. These costs should be considered at the project proposal stage for new data, and at the data request stage for legacy data. Costs include hourly wages for persons responsible for data maintenance and retrieval, as well as indirect costs for maintenance of computer equipment and backup systems. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Developed by Grant Ballard, revised per feedback at PRBO's 2003 Science Retreat and with additional revisions and approval by the PRBO Management Team, November 2003. PRBO reserves the right to modify, revise or supplement this policy, as it deems appropriate. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: website Transfer_Size: 0.257 Fees: none Custom_Order_Process: To obtain the most recent version of the point count shapefile, contact PRBO's Informatics Specialist: Chris Rintoul PRBO Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive, #11 crintoul@prbo.org To obtain a copy of the bird data (summarized by year for each point) associated with each point count location please contact PRBO's Terrestrial Ecology Division data manager: Grant Ballard PRBO Conservation Science 4990 Shoreline Hwy Stinson Beach, CA 94970 (415) 868-0655 x 302 gballard@prbo.org Bird data will be shared with non-PRBO entities at the discretion of the party responsible for its collection and maintenance (PRBO project leader and/or data manager) and according to PRBO's data-sharing policy. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Avian Knowledge Network Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. City: Ithaca State_or_Province: NY Postal_Code: 14850 Country: USA Resource_Description: Point Counts: Point Reyes Bird Observatory Distribution_Liability: These data are made available through the Avian Knowledge Network, a National Science Foundation funded project of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Department of Computer Science at Cornell University. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the accuracy or utility of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: website Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://www.avianknowledge.net/ Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20070427 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: PRBO Conservation Science Contact_Person: Viola Toniolo Contact_Position: GIS Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical Address: 4990 Shoreline Hwy City: Stinson Beach State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94970 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: >(415) 868-0655 x 302 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (415) 868-9363 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vtoniolo@prbo.org Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998