Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Dr. David Bonter (Project Leader) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Project FeederWatch - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database Online_Linkage: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/pfw/ Description: Abstract: Project FeederWatch is a winter-long survey of birds that visit feeders at backyards, nature centers, community areas, and other locales in North America. FeederWatchers periodically count the highest numbers of each species they see at their feeders from November through early April. FeederWatch helps scientists track broadscale movements of winter bird populations and long-term trends in bird distribution and abundance. Project FeederWatch is operated by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in partnership with Audubon, Bird Studies Canada, and Nature Canada. Purpose: To track broadscale movements of winter bird populations and long-term trends in bird distribution and abundance. Also to detect and explain changes in the wintering ranges of many species. Supplemental_Information: Data summaries are available on the Project FeederWatch web site and in the Cornell Lab of Ornithology newsletter, BirdScope. Data retrieval tools including simple trend graphs and distribution maps are available to the public on the Project FeederWatch web site. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1987 Ending_Date: 2005 Currentness_Reference: observed Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annually Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: North America (US and Canada) Approximately 16,000 participants annually from all states and provinces. Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.00 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -50.00 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.00 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.00 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: birds Theme_Keyword: winter birds Theme_Keyword: bird feeders Theme_Keyword: feeder birds Theme_Keyword: citizen science Theme_Keyword: citizen-science Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: U.S. Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Canada Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: American Ornithologists' Union Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Check-list of North American Birds Edition: Seventh Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Classification_System_Modifications: The check-list is revised and updated on an annual basis by the American Ornithologists' Union. Revisions are published in The Auk. Taxonomic_Procedures: Many volunteers have pre-existing knowledge of bird identification or they use published field guides. General_Taxonomic_Coverage: All species of birds that visit feeders. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Applicable_Common_Name: animals Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata Applicable_Common_Name: chordates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves Applicable_Common_Name: birds Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Data_Set_Credit: We gratefully acknowledge the hard work of thousands of collaborators who make this project possible. Project FeederWatch is operated by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in partnership with Audubon, Bird Studies Canada (formerly the Long Point Bird Observatory), and Nature Canada. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Over 5 million records per year, maintained in an Oracle database at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. More than 1 million checklists submitted 1989-2005. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Bonney, R., and A.A. Dhondt Publication_Date: 1997 Title: FeederWatch: An example of a student-scientist partnership Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: Plenum Press Other_Citation_Details: In: Internet links for science education: student-science partnerships. Karen C. Cohen, ed. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Dunn, E.H., and D.L. Tessaglia-Hymes Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Birds at Your Feeder: A guide to feeding habits, behavior, distribution, and abundance. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New York Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Dunn, E.H. Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Bird mortality from striking residential windows in winter. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Field Ornithology Issue_Identification: 64(3):302-309 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Dunn, E.H. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Predation of birds at feeders in winter. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Field Ornithology Issue_Identification: 65(1):8-16 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hochachka, W.M., and A.A. Dhondt Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Density dependent decline of host abundance resulting from a new infectious disease Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Issue_Identification: 97(10): 5303-5306 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hochachka, W., J. V. Wells, K. V. Rosenberg, D. L. Tessaglia-Hymes, and A. A. Dhondt. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Irruptive migration of Common Redpolls. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Condor Issue_Identification: 101(2):195-204 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lepage, D., and C.M. Francis. Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Do feeder counts reliably indicate bird population changes? 21 years of winter bird counts in Ontario, Canada. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Condor Issue_Identification: 104: 255-270 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Trumbull, D., R. Bonney, D. Bascom, and A. Cabral Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Thinking scientifically during participation in a citizen-science project. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Science Education Issue_Identification: 84: 265-275 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wells, J. V., K. V. Rosenberg, E. H. Dunn, D. L. Tessaglia, and A. A. Dhondt. Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Feeder counts as indicators of spatial and temporal variation in winter abundance of resident birds. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Field Ornithology Issue_Identification: 69(4):577-586 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wells, J. V., K. V. Rosenberg, D. L. Tessaglia, and A. A. Dhondt. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Population cycles in the Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius). Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Zoology Issue_Identification: 74:2062-2069 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: These data are collected by participants of varying abilities. Many steps are taken to ensure that the data are as complete and accurate as possible. Detailed instructions and reference material are provided to participants. The data are passed through various filters and error-checks. Project FeederWatch staff are available to answer questions. Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: These data are collected by volunteers of varying abilities. Completeness does vary from observer to observer. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The location of each count site is determined by zip or postal code. The sampling locations are determined by the individual participants. Exact latitude and longitude coordinates are available for many recently established count sites. Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Field Methodology_Description: Participants select and define the count site (the area within which the feeders are placed). They then count the birds they see in this area. The same site is used all season. Count days are two consecutive days that are selected in advance for the watching of the feeders. Two Count Days are selected during each Count Period. If data are submitted on paper forms, each Count Period is two weeks long. If data are submitted online, counts may be done every week. Process_Step: Process_Description: FeederWatch scientists merge all the FeederWatch data, run the data through a series of editing programs, and begin summarizing the data into two variables for each species: "percentage of feeders visited" and "mean group size." Both variables provide an index of species abundance. Process_Date: Unknown Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: The location of each count site is determined by zip or postal code. Exact latitude and longitude coordinates are available for many recently established count sites. Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: date Entity_Type_Definition: date of observation Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: species Entity_Type_Definition: bird species name Entity_Type_Definition_Source: The A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: count Entity_Type_Definition: highest number seen at one time Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: effort Entity_Type_Definition: effort spent watching count site Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: time periods Attribute_Definition: time periods that observer watched count site Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: day 1, morning Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: day 1, afternoon Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: day 2, morning Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: day 2, afternoon Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: cumulative time Attribute_Definition: cumulative time that observer watched count site Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: under 1 hour Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 to 4 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4+ to 8 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: over 8 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: watched feeders, but no birds present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: weather Entity_Type_Definition: weather conditions during count days Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: daylight temperature Attribute_Definition: temperature extremes for 2-day count period Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, under -18 deg C (0 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, -18 to -10 deg C (0 to 14 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, -9 to 0 deg C (15 to 32 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, 1 to 10 deg C (33 to 50 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, 11 to 20 deg C (51 to 68 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: low temperature, over 20 deg C (68 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, under -18 deg C (0 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, -18 to -10 deg C (0 to 14 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, -9 to 0 deg C (15 to 32 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, 1 to 10 deg C (33 to 50 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, 11 to 20 deg C (51 to 68 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: high temperature, over 20 deg C (68 deg F) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: daylight precipitation type Attribute_Definition: kind of precipitation that occurred during count period Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: none Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: rain Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: rain and snow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: snow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: precipitation duration Attribute_Definition: duration of precipitation during count period Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: under 1 hour Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 to 3 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3+ to 6 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: over 6 hours Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: snow depth and cover Attribute_Definition: snow conditions during the majority of the count period Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: none Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: under 5 cm (2") Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5+ cm to 15 cm (2" to 6") Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: over 15 cm (6") Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: hard crust or ice covers snow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: snow cover is patchy (< 50%) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: count site description Entity_Type_Definition: description of count site and surrounding neighborhood Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: new or repeat participant Attribute_Definition: new or repeat participant Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: I am a first-time participant. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: My count site is at the same address. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: My count site is at a different address. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: change from previous season? Attribute_Definition: Is the count site new or has anything changed since last season? Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: My count site is new or some information has changed. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: No changes since last time. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: size of count site Attribute_Definition: Is the count site very small, small, medium, or large? Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Very small: a window or hanging feeder only. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Small: up to half the size of a tennis court. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Medium: the size of one-half to two tennis courts. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Large: greater than two tennis courts. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: vegetation Attribute_Definition: describe the count site vegetation Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: no vegetation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: garden or courtyard Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: landscaped yard Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: desert: natural or landscaped Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: natural vegetation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: mix of natural and landscaped vegetation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: population Attribute_Definition: population of the city or town Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1-5,000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5,001-25,000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 25,001-100,000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: more than 100,000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: housing density Attribute_Definition: Is the neighborhood rural, suburban/rural, suburban, or urban? Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: rural Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: suburban/rural Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: suburban Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: urban Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: elevation Attribute_Definition: elevation of the count site Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0-750 m (0-2,500 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 751-1,500 m (2,501-5,000 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1,501-2,250 m (5,001-7,500 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2,251-3,000 m (7,501-10,000 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: above 3,000 m (10,000 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: habitats Attribute_Definition: all habitats present within 0.8 km (0.5 mi.) Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: industrial or commercial Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: residential Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: agricultural fields (plowed or fallow) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: natural desert or scrub Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: young regrowth woods or secondary scrub Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: deciduous plantation (e.g., orchard) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: mixed deciduous/evergreen woods Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: swamp (wooded) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: park, schoolyard, campus, or golf course Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: freshwater (river, lake, pond, frozen or not) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: deciduous woods Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: evergreen woods or plantation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: salt water (bay or ocean) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: other (describe in box) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: feeders Attribute_Definition: numbers and types of feeders present Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of seed feeders: hopper Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of seed feeders: tube Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of seed on ground sites Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of suet or fat feeders Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of seed feeders: platform Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of fruit feeders Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of sugar water feeders Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of other feeders Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: months Attribute_Definition: months that food is provided at least once per week Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: January Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: February Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: March Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: April Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: May Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: June Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: July Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: August Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: September Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: October Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: November Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: December Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: disturbance Attribute_Definition: Are other feeders, squirrels, cats, dogs, or people active nearby? Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: other feeders are operated within 90 m (300 ft) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: squirrels take food at least 3 times per week Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: cats are active within 30 m at least one-half hour, 3 days per week Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: dogs are active within 30 m at least one-half hour, 3 days per week Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: people are active within 30 m at least one-half hour, 3 days per week Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: foods Attribute_Definition: types of food that are regularly provided between November and April Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sunflower: striped Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sunflower: black-oil Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sunflower: without shell Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: safflower Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: corn: whole Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: corn: cracked Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nyjer seed (thistle) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: millet Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: milo (sorghum) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: oats Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: barley Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: wheat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: canary seed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: rapeseed (canola) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: suet or fat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: mealworms Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fruit: fresh or frozen Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fruit: dried Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: popcorn Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sugar water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fresh water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: grit or sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: eggshells Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: peanuts: in shell Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: peanuts: without shell Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: peanuts: hearts Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: peanut butter Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: other (write in box) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: other features Attribute_Definition: trees, shrubs, brush piles, and water sources within 100 feet of feeders Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of evergreen trees > 3 m tall Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of evergreen shrubs 3 m tall or less Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of deciduous trees > 3 m tall Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of deciduous shrubs 3 m tall or less Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of cacti Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of fruiting trees or shrubs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of brush piles Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of natural freshwater sources Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: number of bird baths Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: food source Attribute_Definition: where feeding supplies are purchased Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: grocery store or bulk food store Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: hardware or building supply store Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: garden center Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: feed store or agricultural supply Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: specialty bird or nature store Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: large department store Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: pet specialty store Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: farm (or self-grown) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: other (write in box) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: expenditures Attribute_Definition: estimate of annual expenditures on bird feeding Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: amount spent on seed only Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: amount spent on other foods Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: amount spent on feeders Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: self-evident Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: self-evident Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data set includes: date of observation, species, highest number seen at one time, effort, weather (low temperature, high temperature, precipitation, snow depth, and snow cover), count site description (size, vegetation, population density of neighborhood, elevation, habitats, numbers and types of feeders, types of food provided, etc.). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The Project FeederWatch web site has more information about the data that is collected. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David Bonter Contact_Organization: Project FeederWatch Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Road City: Ithaca State_or_Province: NY Postal_Code: 14850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 607-254-2457 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dnb23@cornell.edu Distribution_Liability: No warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the accuracy or utility of these data. Custom_Order_Process: Please contact the distributor to order Project FeederWatch data. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20050901 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jim Lowe Contact_Organization: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Road City: Ithaca State_or_Province: NY Postal_Code: 14850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 607-254-2413 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: JDL6@cornell.edu Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999