Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jason Sodergren (Database Specialist, Hawk Migration Association of North America, PO Box 1593, Homer, AK 99603, (907)226-2076, jason@taiga.com) Originator: Laurie J. Goodrich (Data Curator, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, 410 Summer Valley Rd., Orwisburg, PA 17961, (570)943-3411 x106, goodrich@hawkmtn.org) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Raptor Population Index Project Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database Online_Linkage: http://hawkcount.org/ Description: Abstract: HawkCount is a web-based information system that works as a central depository for raptor migration count data. Monitoring sites report their hourly or daily observations and data are archived in a format that may later be retrieved, reported, and analyzed. HawkCount.org is administered by the Hawk Migration Association of North America (HMANA). Purpose: Raptor migration counts are collected to monitor populations. Supplemental_Information: The longest data set in HawkCount.org spans over a period of 50 years. Most data sets currently in digital format are around 10 years-long. The database is constantly updated. The Raptor Population Index Project is working on the transfer of historical data from paper forms into electronic form. Data are updated on a daily basis during the seasons of active submissions (spring and fall migration) and backed up every 24 hours. Updating frequency exceeds daily at height of field seasons. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1957 Ending_Date: 2007 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico). Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -148 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -68 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 62 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.5 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: monitor Theme_Keyword: monitoring Theme_Keyword: population trends Theme_Keyword: migration Theme_Keyword: hawk migration Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: Canada Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: U.S. Place_Keyword: Mexico Place_Keyword: British Columbia Place_Keyword: BC Place_Keyword: Manitoba Place_Keyword: MB Place_Keyword: Ontario Place_Keyword: ON Place_Keyword: Quebec Place_Keyword: QC Place_Keyword: PQ Place_Keyword: Veracruz Place_Keyword: Alaska Place_Keyword: AK Place_Keyword: Arizona Place_Keyword: AZ Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: CA Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: CT Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: DE Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FL Place_Keyword: Illinois Place_Keyword: IL Place_Keyword: Iowa Place_Keyword: IA Place_Keyword: Maine Place_Keyword: ME Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: MD Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: MA Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: MI Place_Keyword: Minnesota Place_Keyword: MN Place_Keyword: Montana Place_Keyword: MT Place_Keyword: New Hampshire Place_Keyword: NH Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: NJ Place_Keyword: New Mexico Place_Keyword: NM Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: NY Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: NC Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: OR Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania Place_Keyword: PA Place_Keyword: South Carolina Place_Keyword: SC Place_Keyword: Tennessee Place_Keyword: TN Place_Keyword: Texas Place_Keyword: TX Place_Keyword: Utah Place_Keyword: UT Place_Keyword: Vermont Place_Keyword: VT Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: VA Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: WA Place_Keyword: West Virginia Place_Keyword: WV Place_Keyword: Wisconsin Place_Keyword: WI Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: spring Temporal_Keyword: fall Temporal_Keyword: autumn Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species Taxonomic_Keywords: birds Taxonomic_Keywords: raptors Taxonomic_Keywords: hawks Taxonomic_Keywords: kites Taxonomic_Keywords: eagles Taxonomic_Keywords: falcons Taxonomic_Keywords: vultures Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: American Ornithologists' Union Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Check-list of North American Birds Edition: Seventh Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, D.C. Publisher: American Ornithologists' Union Online_Linkage: http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3 Classification_System_Modifications: The check-list is revised and updated on an annual basis by the American Ornithologists' Union. Revisions are published in The Auk. Taxonomic_Procedures: Observers have pre-existing knowledge of bird identification or they use published field guides. Individual monitoring sites use an assortment of references to identify migrants during field work. General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Raptors (diurnal birds of prey). Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Applicable_Common_Name: animals Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata Applicable_Common_Name: chordates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Aves Applicable_Common_Name: birds Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Ciconiiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cathartidae Applicable_Common_Name: new world vultures Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Falconiformes Applicable_Common_Name: diurnal birds of prey Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Accipitridae Applicable_Common_Name: hawks, kites, eagles, and allies Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Falconidae Applicable_Common_Name: caracaras and falcons Access_Constraints: Data are not classified, but data users need to request permission to use data to HawkCount.orgs Data Curator (see above). Data are submitted in accordance to data use policies available at http://www.hmana.org/data_policies/policies.php and each data contributor sets the level of availability of its own data set. Plans are underway to incorporate the data into the Avian Knowledge Network. See http://www.avianknowledge.net/ Use_Constraints: None Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza Contact_Organization: Raptor Population Index Project, Cornell Lab of Ornithology Contact_Position: RPI Project Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. City: Ithaca State_or_Province: NY Postal_Code: 14850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (607)254-2464, Mobile: (607)342-4971 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (607)254-2415 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: er99@cornell.edu Data_Set_Credit: The Raptor Population Index Project is a partnership between the Hawk Migration Association of North America, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, and HawkWatch International housed at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Funding comes from a matching grant of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation with counterpart funding from partner organizations. Data are collected and entered into HawkCount.org by independent sites their submissions are labeled by contributor. Native_Data_Set_Environment: HawkCount.org was developed using open-source software. The system is composed of 15 tables and 175 fields which include georeferenced site metadata. Version 1.5 of HawkCount (23 September 2003) uses PHP4, MySQL, and the Apache web server. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Farmer, C.J. Publication_Date: 20060912 Title: Trends in Autumn Counts of Migratory Raptors in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region Five. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Other_Citation_Details: Raptor Population Index Project Technical Report Analytical_Tool: Analytical_Tool_Description: Models for data analysis described in Farmer et al. (2007), referenced below. Tool_Access_Information: Tool_Access_Instructions: See Methodology section. Copies of the manuscript accepted are available from Christopher J. Farmer (farmer@hawkmtn.org). Tool_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Farmer, C.J., D.J.T. Hussell, and D. Mizrahi. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Detecting Population Trends in Migratory Birds of Prey. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: The Auk Issue_Identification: 124(2) Other_Citation_Details: In press. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data collection protocol (seasonal site metadata form) documents the procedures used for data collection at each site. Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: The longest data set in HawkCount.org spans over a period of 50 years. Most data sets currently in digital format are around 10 years-long. There are many sites for which the length of the data series available on-line is as long as the existence of HawkCount.org (4 years). The RPI Project is working on the transfer of historical data from paper forms into electronic form. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Each georeferenced datum was submitted by a site contact. Site metadata documents if coordinates were obtained using a GPS unit, maps, or other means. Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Field Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Methodology_Keyword: hawk watch Methodology_Keyword: hawkwatch Methodology_Description: Data are recorded using a standardized data collection protocol (Ruelas 2006). The protocol is divided into four sections: (1) An introductory section with information on the rationale and objectives of the revised protocol; (2) A Monitoring Site Specifics section, intended to document details of the locality(ies) in use (e.g. fixed, mobile, and/or part of a survey line) and the season of coverage; (3) The species coverage and criteria to discern migrants vs. non-migrants, and finally (4) A section on data recording and data storage. This protocol includes tables for (a) Weather and observation codes; (b) Species names, sex, and color morphs; (c) Tables for wind speed, precipitation, height of flight, etc., as well as a form for seasonal metadata. The metadata is generally overlooked and poorly documented and addresses questions such as: How many people participated during the season? What are their qualifications? Which species are monitored? Which units (e.g. Metric, English) are used in the weather data recordings? What optical equipment is used? Is there a training scheme in place before starting the field season? Is the site staffed by professional biologists or volunteer citizen scientists? These are all questions that can help to interpret the data at later stages. Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ruelas I., E. Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Data Collection Protocol for Raptor Migration Monitoring. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Online_Linkage: http://www.rpi-project.org/data_collection.php Methodology: Methodology_Type: Lab Methodology_Description: Data Analysis: Current trend analysis methodology requires hourly records collected over periods of at least 10 years using a consistent protocol. These data are used to generate annual indices of abundance and to calculate long-term population trends. In summary, the procedure consists of standardizing the count day/season of each monitoring site. For each species, the model (1) Identifies the daily window during which 95% of the migrants are counted; (2) Selects the seasonal passage window when the middle 95% of the individuals were counted across all years; (3) Models curvilinear effects of wind speed and direction on number of hawks counted; (4) Calculates indices of passage rate [date-adjusted estimated geometric means]; (5) Obtains trends in annual passage rates by fitting a polynomial regression model to the time series of annual indices; and (6) Re-parameterizes the year terms to determine the significance of these trend estimates (Farmer et al. 2007 [in press]). Methodology_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Farmer, C.J., D.J.T. Hussell, and D. Mizrahi. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Detecting Population Trends in Migratory Birds of Prey. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: The Auk Issue_Identification: 124(2) Other_Citation_Details: In press. Process_Step: Process_Description: No process steps have been described for this data set Process_Date: Unknown Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Data collected include: bird species; number of birds; observation start time; observation end time; official counter; observers; weather (wind speed, wind direction, visibility, cloud cover, temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation); observation notes, non-raptor notes, visitors, forecast; flight direction; and flight height. Site profile data include: name of site; location; coordinates; link to website; general site information; site contacts; raptor species observed at site; count season; procedures/protocols; data inventory; site history; site topography; and directions to site. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: There is metadata needed to interpret some of the data stored, e.g. species codes and other. Available at HawkCount.org. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Hawk Migration Association of North America (HMANA) Contact_Instructions: http://www.hmana.org/index.php Resource_Description: HawkCount.org Distribution_Liability: No warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the accuracy or utility of these data. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: website Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://hawkcount.org/ Fees: Generally, data archived by HMANA are freely accessible in electronic form. In the case of data archived in paper form, the cost of copying of data forms may be passed on to the researcher. Custom_Order_Process: Most data archived by HMANA are freely accessible via HawkCount and may used for personal consumption without the need for permissions or a data release request. However, some hawk watches restrict public viewing of their data, in which case permission to view data may be sought through submission of a HMANA data release request. Regardless of viewing status, all other users of hawk watch data, especially anyone having an interest in publication or reproduction of raptor migration data, or analysis derived from these data, must always seek and receive explicit written permission for use of these data. See http://hmana.org/data_policies/data_rel_req.php to complete a data release request. Plans are underway to incorporate the data into the Avian Knowledge Network. See http://www.avianknowledge.net/ Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20070117 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jim Lowe Contact_Organization: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 159 Sapsucker Woods Road City: Ithaca State_or_Province: NY Postal_Code: 14850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 607-254-2413 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: JDL6@cornell.edu Contact_Instructions: E-Mail is preferred Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999